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A sustainable wildlife enterprise is a farming system that incorporates sustainable use of wildlife to promote conservation. In Australia, landholders work together across boundaries to sustainably harvest or make use of (ecotourism) naturally occurring wildlife populations such as the kangaroo. Important to the concept is that biodiversity and environmental benefit occurs via alternative land uses. Attaching a value to native resources through commercial development has the potential to provide alternative sources of income, especially in areas where traditional systems are no longer as profitable or environmentally sustainable. The Sustainable Wildlife Enterprise system enables farmers to realise the financial value of native wildlife such as the kangaroo and encourages them to manage their land that supports the source of the income without lowering total farm profitability – hence contributing to habitat and biodiversity conservation. The Sustainable Wildlife Enterprise system has been developed in Australia but is based on world-wide experiences. ==Background== Until primary production systems can put a value on habitat and conservation areas there will be more and more species loss. Conventional farming techniques have seen broad-scale environmental degradation in Australia’s rangelands, particularly during droughts where soil fertility and low rainfall limit natural production capacity. Where native wildlife and resources are given a value and managed sustainably, there is a proven benefit for biodiversity and habitat.〔Ampt, P and Baumber, A, Building Cooperation and Collaboration in the Kangaroo Industry: http://rirdc.gov.au〕〔Cooney, R., Baumber, A., Ampt, P. and Wilson, G. (2009). Sharing Skippy: how can landholders be involved in kangaroo production in Australia? The Rangeland Journal 31, 283-92.〕〔Wilson, G. (2004). Integrating Kangaroo (Macropus sp.) and other wildlife with agriculture in Australia. Game Wildl. Sci. 21(4), 843-851. http://www.awt.com.au/publications/downloads/〕 Sustainable Wildlife Enterprises in Australia are based on wildlife management experiences from countries such as South Africa and Scotland. In South Africa - the commercial value of wildlife to private landholders makes the future of wildlife in that country far more secure than it is anywhere else on that continent.〔Crane, W. 2007. Local economic development (LED) and the biodiversity economy: who benefits most? South African Regional Poverty Network. Available at http://www.sarpn.org/documents/d0002874/Biodiversity_economy_Crane_Oct2007.pdf〕〔Higginbottom, K. and King, N. 2006. The live trade in free-ranging wildlife within South Africa, and implications for Australia. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. Canberra.〕〔International Finance Corporation (World Bank Group) 2011. A Guide to Biodiversity for the Private Sector - Flower Valley: An innovative project for fynbos conservation in South Africa Available at http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/sustainability.nsf/Content/BiodiversityGuide_Lessons〕〔Leader-Williams, N., Milledge, S., Adcock, K., Brooks, M., Conway, A., Knight, M., Mainka, S., Martin, E.B. and Teferi, T. 2005. Trophy Hunting of Black Rhino Diceros bicornis: Proposals to Ensure Its Future Sustainability. Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy 8(1): 1-11.〕〔Milliken, T., Emslie, R.H. and Talukdar, B. 2009. African and Asian Rhinoceroses – Status, Conservation and Trade. A report from the IUCN Species Survival Commission (IUCN/SSC) African and Asian Rhino Specialist Groups and TRAFFIC to the CITES Secretariat pursuant to Resolution Conf. 9.14 (Rev. CoP14) and Decision 14.89. CITES CoP15 Doc. 45.1. Available at http://www.cites.org/common/cop/15/doc/E15-45-01A.pdf〕 See Wildlife of South Africa. In Scotland, deer stalking and red grouse (''Lagopus lagopus scoticus'') hunting occurs sustainably because hunting licences are owned by the landholder. This provides incentives to the landholder to protect their source of income and the habitat which the animals live on.〔Newey S, Dahl F, Kurki S (eds) (2010). Native Red grouse ''Lagopus lagopus scoticus'' in Scotland. In: Game monitoring systems supporting the development of sustainable hunting tourism in Northern Europe: A review of current practises p10. http://www.helsinki.fi/ruralia/information/pdf/Reports66.pdf〕 Native species adapted to Australia's unique environment allow them to survive the climatic extremes and thrive with little impact to the environment. Kangaroos impact less on the environment than hoofed animals and emit substantially less methane. There is currently a sustainable kangaroo harvesting industry in place in Australia. See the Kangaroo industry.〔Kangaroo Wildlife Trade http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/trade-use/wild-harvest/kangaroo/index.html〕 Landholders do not control or receive benefit from harvest of kangaroos on their land other than reduction of grazing pressure under this system. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sustainable wildlife enterprise」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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